Which nerve is most commonly injured in the shoulder area?

The axillary nerve is most commonly injured in the shoulder area due to its anatomy and proximity to the shoulder joint. This nerve is responsible for innervating the deltoid and teres minor muscles, which are critical for shoulder abduction and external rotation.

Injuries can occur particularly in situations where there is trauma or dislocation of the shoulder, commonly in fractures of the surgical neck of the humerus. Damage to the axillary nerve results in weakness or inability to abduct the arm at the shoulder, as well as sensory loss over the lateral aspect of the shoulder, known as the "regimental patch."

Understanding the reason for axillary nerve injury is vital in clinical practice since the signs and symptoms can guide healthcare professionals in both diagnosis and rehabilitation strategies following shoulder trauma.