What does a positive Hawkins-Kennedy test indicate?

A positive Hawkins-Kennedy test is specifically designed to assess for shoulder impingement, particularly involving the rotator cuff tendons and the subacromial space. During this test, the examiner elevates the patient's arm to 90 degrees of abduction and then internally rotates the shoulder. If the patient experiences pain during this maneuver, it indicates that the rotator cuff tendons are likely being pinched or compressed under the acromion, which is characteristic of shoulder impingement syndrome.

This test is widely used in clinical practice because it helps to identify issues where the shoulder mechanisms are not functioning properly, particularly in conditions where tendons may be inflamed or irritated. The specific focus on the mechanism of impingement distinguishes this test from evaluations that would be relevant for other shoulder pathologies, such as tears, fractures, or dislocations. Understanding the implications of a positive Hawkins-Kennedy test can guide further diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.