What condition is characterized by pain and reduced mobility in the shoulder?

Adhesive capsulitis, commonly known as frozen shoulder, is characterized by pain and reduced mobility in the shoulder. This condition typically develops gradually and leads to stiffness in the shoulder joint, severely limiting both passive and active range of motion. The underlying mechanism involves inflammation and thickening of the shoulder capsule, which surrounds the joint. As the condition progresses, individuals may experience significant discomfort, particularly during movement, which can further limit their ability to use the shoulder effectively.

In contrast, while a rotator cuff tear and shoulder impingement syndrome can also cause shoulder pain and mobility issues, they often present with specific mechanisms like acute trauma or repetitive overhead activities, and may involve more localized pain rather than the widespread stiffness typically seen in adhesive capsulitis. Scapular winging, on the other hand, typically results from nerve injury or muscle weakness and would not primarily present with pain and reduced motion due to capsular restrictions.