What condition is characterized by limited active and passive shoulder mobility?

Frozen shoulder, also known as adhesive capsulitis, is characterized by a significant restriction in both active and passive shoulder mobility. This condition results in inflammation and thickening of the shoulder capsule, leading to stiffness and pain. Individuals with frozen shoulder experience a gradual loss of motion in the shoulder joint, which can severely impact their daily activities. The hallmark of this condition is that, unlike other shoulder pathologies, the limitations in movement are both present in active and passive ranges, meaning that neither the individual nor a clinician could move the shoulder joint freely.

The progression usually goes through stages: initially, there is pain and limited range of motion, followed by a freezing stage where mobility becomes increasingly restricted, and eventually a thawing stage where motion gradually begins to return. The distinguishing aspect that separates frozen shoulder from other conditions, like a rotator cuff tear or shoulder impingement, is the comprehensive limitation of movement regardless of the assistance provided, underscoring the importance of recognizing and diagnosing this condition accurately for effective treatment.